Taken, ın Turkey, 14.3. 2010. with Sony Cybershot Tracks in the grass pasture adjacent to our home led to the noises of males trying to ‘ram’ females: part of the mating ritual. Testudo ibera Immediately after waking from hibernation, the mating instinct starts up. The males follow the females with great interest, encircling them, biting them in the limbs, ramming them, and trying to mount them. During copulation, the male opens his mouth, showing his red tongue and making squeaking sounds. During mating, the female stands still, bracing herself with her front legs, moving the front part of the body to the left and right in the same rhythm as the male’s cries. One successful mating will allow the female to lay eggs multiple times. When breeding in captivity, the pairs of females and males must be kept separate. If there are multiple males in a pen, one takes on a dominant role and will try to mate with the other males in the pen. If there are more males than females, the males might kill each other in order to mate with the female. One or two weeks before egg-laying, the animals become notably agitated, moving around to smell and dig in the dirt, even tasting it, before choosing the ideal spot to lay the eggs. One or two days before egg laying, the female takes on an aggressive, dominant behaviour, mounting another animal as for copulation and making the same squeaking sound the male produces during copulation. The purpose for this behaviour is to produce respect in the tortoise community, so that the female will not be disturbed by the others during egg laying.