This type of image of the Virgin Mary was already evident in the catacombs of the first Christians. The Theotokos (Greek for 'Mother of God') is depicted on these icons en face and to the waist, with her hands lifted up to the level of her head, with elbows bent. From time immemorial this gesture has signified a prayerful appeal to God. Christ, the Saviour Emmanuel is often depicted, standing on a circular background, on Her bosom. Icons of this type are also called Oranta (Latin for praying) and Panagia (Greek for All-holy). In the Russian land, this image acquired the name Our Lady of the Sign. Here is how that happened. On November 27, 1165 in the midst of the assault on the city of Novgorod by the forces of Prince Andrew of Bogolubovo, the citizens of the besieged town brought the Icon to the city wall. One of the arrows pierced the icon and the Most Holy Mother of God turned her face to the city and shed tears. The tears dropped on the phelonion of Bishop John of Novgorod, who exclaimed: O wonder of wonders! How can tears be streaming from dry wood! O Queen! You are giving us a sign that you are entreating your Son that the city be spared. Inspired by the wonderful sign, the people of Novgorod repelled the attacks of the Suzdal forces. Traditionally, in an Orthodox church, this type of icon would be found in the upper part of the Altar.