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Pelicans really are a genus of big water birds that makes up the spouse and children Pelecanidae. They are characterised with a long beak and a large throat pouch for catching prey in addition to draining water from the scooped up material before swallowing. They've got predominantly pale plumage, this exceptions being this brown and Peruvian pelicans. The bills, pouches and clean facial skin of most species become brightly coloured prior to a breeding season. The eight dwelling pelican species use a patchy global distribution, ranging latitudinally from the tropics to this temperate zone, though they are usually absent from inner surface South America along with from polar regions along with the open ocean. Long regarded as related to frigatebirds, cormorants, tropicbirds, gannets in addition to , pelicans instead are now considered to be most closely linked to the shoebill in addition to hamerkop, and they fit in the get Pelecaniformes. Ibises, spoonbills and herons tend to be more distant relatives, and also have been classified in the same order. Fossil evidence of pelicans dates back to at minimum 30 million years towards remains of a beak much like that of modern day species recovered coming from Oligocene strata within France. They are believed to have evolved in the Old World and spread into the Americas; this is reflected in the relationships within the genus because the eight species break down into Old World and " new world " lineages. Pelicans repeated inland and seaside waters where that they feed principally with fish, catching them at or close to the water surface. They're gregarious birds, exploring in flocks, shopping cooperatively and multiplying colonially. Four white-plumaged species are likely to nest on the ground, and four brown or grey-plumaged types nest mainly within trees. The relationship between pelicans the ones has often been recently contentious. The birds have been persecuted for their perceived competition having commercial and family fishing. Their populations have fallen through environment destruction, disturbance in addition to environmental pollution, in addition to three species are usually of conservation concern. They also use a long history associated with cultural significance within mythology, and within Christian and heraldic iconography.